ubuntu date修改系统时间命令（ubuntu改时间命令）

1、date指令帮助手册

date指令可以查看和设置Linux操作系统的日期和时间，在做测试的时候非常有用，如下为date指令的帮助手册，有需要的同学可仔细研读。

DATE(1)                                              User Commands                                             DATE(1)
NAME
       date - print or set the system date and time
SYNOPSIS
       date [OPTION]... [+FORMAT]
       date [-u|--utc|--universal] [MMDDhhmm[[CC]YY][.ss]]
DESCRIPTION
       Display the current time in the given FORMAT, or set the system date.
       Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
       -d, --date=STRING
              display time described by STRING, not 'now'
       --debug
              annotate the parsed date, and warn about questionable usage to stderr
       -f, --file=DATEFILE
              like --date; once for each line of DATEFILE
       -I[FMT], --iso-8601[=FMT]
              output  date/time in ISO 8601 format.  FMT='date' for date only (the default), 'hours', 'minutes', 'sec‐
              onds', or 'ns' for date and time to the indicated precision.  Example: 2006-08-14T02:34:56-06:00
       -R, --rfc-email
              output date and time in RFC 5322 format.  Example: Mon, 14 Aug 2006 02:34:56 -0600
       --rfc-3339=FMT
              output date/time in RFC 3339 format.  FMT='date', 'seconds', or 'ns' for date and time to the  indicated
              precision.  Example: 2006-08-14 02:34:56-06:00
       -r, --reference=FILE
              display the last modification time of FILE
       -s, --set=STRING
              set time described by STRING
       -u, --utc, --universal
              print or set Coordinated Universal Time (UTC)
       --help display this help and exit
       --version
              output version information and exit
       FORMAT controls the output.  Interpreted sequences are:
       %%     a literal %
       %a     locale's abbreviated weekday name (e.g., Sun)
       %A     locale's full weekday name (e.g., Sunday)
       %b     locale's abbreviated month name (e.g., Jan)
       %B     locale's full month name (e.g., January)
       %c     locale's date and time (e.g., Thu Mar  3 23:05:25 2005)
       %C     century; like %Y, except omit last two digits (e.g., 20)
       %d     day of month (e.g., 01)
       %D     date; same as %m/%d/%y
       %e     day of month, space padded; same as %_d
       %F     full date; like %+4Y-%m-%d
       %g     last two digits of year of ISO week number (see %G)
       %G     year of ISO week number (see %V); normally useful only with %V
       %h     same as %b
       %H     hour (00..23)
       %I     hour (01..12)
       %j     day of year (001..366)
       %k     hour, space padded ( 0..23); same as %_H
       %l     hour, space padded ( 1..12); same as %_I
       %m     month (01..12)
       %M     minute (00..59)
       %n     a newline
       %N     nanoseconds (000000000..999999999)
       %p     locale's equivalent of either AM or PM; blank if not known
       %P     like %p, but lower case
       %q     quarter of year (1..4)
       %r     locale's 12-hour clock time (e.g., 11:11:04 PM)
       %R     24-hour hour and minute; same as %H:%M
       %s     seconds since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC
       %S     second (00..60)
       %t     a tab
       %T     time; same as %H:%M:%S
       %u     day of week (1..7); 1 is Monday
       %U     week number of year, with Sunday as first day of week (00..53)
       %V     ISO week number, with Monday as first day of week (01..53)
       %w     day of week (0..6); 0 is Sunday
       %W     week number of year, with Monday as first day of week (00..53)
       %x     locale's date representation (e.g., 12/31/99)
       %X     locale's time representation (e.g., 23:13:48)
       %y     last two digits of year (00..99)
       %Y     year
       %z     +hhmm numeric time zone (e.g., -0400)
       %:z    +hh:mm numeric time zone (e.g., -04:00)
       %::z   +hh:mm:ss numeric time zone (e.g., -04:00:00)
       %:::z  numeric time zone with : to necessary precision (e.g., -04, +05:30)
       %Z     alphabetic time zone abbreviation (e.g., EDT)
       By default, date pads numeric fields with zeroes.  The following optional flags may follow '%':
       -      (hyphen) do not pad the field
       _      (underscore) pad with spaces
       0      (zero) pad with zeros
       +      pad with zeros, and put '+' before future years with >4 digits
       ^      use upper case if possible
       #      use opposite case if possible
       After  any flags comes an optional field width, as a decimal number; then an optional modifier, which is either
       E to use the locale's alternate representations if available, or O to use the locale's alternate  numeric  sym‐
       bols if available.
EXAMPLES
       Convert seconds since the epoch (1970-01-01 UTC) to a date
              $ date --date='@2147483647'
       Show the time on the west coast of the US (use tzselect(1) to find TZ)
              $ TZ='America/Los_Angeles' date
       Show the local time for 9AM next Friday on the west coast of the US
              $ date --date='TZ="America/Los_Angeles" 09:00 next Fri'
DATE STRING
       The  --date=STRING is a mostly free format human readable date string such as "Sun, 29 Feb 2004 16:21:42 -0800"
       or "2004-02-29 16:21:42" or even "next Thursday".  A date string may contain items  indicating  calendar  date,
       time  of day, time zone, day of week, relative time, relative date, and numbers.  An empty string indicates the
       beginning of the day.  The date string format is more complex than is easily documented here but is  fully  de‐
       scribed in the info documentation.
AUTHOR
       Written by David MacKenzie.
REPORTING BUGS
       GNU coreutils online help: <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>
       Report any translation bugs to <https://translationproject.org/team/>
COPYRIGHT
       Copyright   ©   2020   Free   Software   Foundation,   Inc.   License  GPLv3+:  GNU  GPL  version  3  or  later
       <https://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
       This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.  There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permit‐
       ted by law.
SEE ALSO
       Full documentation <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/date>
       or available locally via: info '(coreutils) date invocation'
GNU coreutils 8.32                                   February 2022                                             DATE(1)

2、设置实例

（1）查看操作系统信息

hanyw@hanyw-ubuntu:~$ lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID:	Ubuntu
Description:	Ubuntu 22.04 LTS
Release:	22.04
Codename:	jammy

（2）设置日期

hanyw@hanyw-ubuntu:~$ date -s '20180808 08:08'
date: cannot set date: Operation not permitted
Wed Aug  8 08:08:00 AM CST 2018
hanyw@hanyw-ubuntu:~$ sudo date -s '20180808 08:08'
[sudo] password for hanyw: 
Wed Aug  8 08:08:00 AM CST 2018

（3）查看日期和时间设置是否成功

hanyw@hanyw-ubuntu:~$ date -R
Wed, 08 Aug 2018 08:08:04 +0800

有问题欢迎一起讨论。

3、也可以基于help指令的帮助手册，如下所示。

hanyw@hanyw-ubuntu:~$ date --help
Usage: date [OPTION]... [+FORMAT]
  or:  date [-u|--utc|--universal] [MMDDhhmm[[CC]YY][.ss]]
Display the current time in the given FORMAT, or set the system date.

Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
  -d, --date=STRING          display time described by STRING, not 'now'
      --debug                annotate the parsed date,
                              and warn about questionable usage to stderr
  -f, --file=DATEFILE        like --date; once for each line of DATEFILE
  -I[FMT], --iso-8601[=FMT]  output date/time in ISO 8601 format.
                               FMT='date' for date only (the default),
                               'hours', 'minutes', 'seconds', or 'ns'
                               for date and time to the indicated precision.
                               Example: 2006-08-14T02:34:56-06:00
  -R, --rfc-email            output date and time in RFC 5322 format.
                               Example: Mon, 14 Aug 2006 02:34:56 -0600
      --rfc-3339=FMT         output date/time in RFC 3339 format.
                               FMT='date', 'seconds', or 'ns'
                               for date and time to the indicated precision.
                               Example: 2006-08-14 02:34:56-06:00
  -r, --reference=FILE       display the last modification time of FILE
  -s, --set=STRING           set time described by STRING
  -u, --utc, --universal     print or set Coordinated Universal Time (UTC)
      --help     display this help and exit
      --version  output version information and exit

FORMAT controls the output.  Interpreted sequences are:

  %%   a literal %
  %a   locale's abbreviated weekday name (e.g., Sun)
  %A   locale's full weekday name (e.g., Sunday)
  %b   locale's abbreviated month name (e.g., Jan)
  %B   locale's full month name (e.g., January)
  %c   locale's date and time (e.g., Thu Mar  3 23:05:25 2005)
  %C   century; like %Y, except omit last two digits (e.g., 20)
  %d   day of month (e.g., 01)
  %D   date; same as %m/%d/%y
  %e   day of month, space padded; same as %_d
  %F   full date; like %+4Y-%m-%d
  %g   last two digits of year of ISO week number (see %G)
  %G   year of ISO week number (see %V); normally useful only with %V
  %h   same as %b
  %H   hour (00..23)
  %I   hour (01..12)
  %j   day of year (001..366)
  %k   hour, space padded ( 0..23); same as %_H
  %l   hour, space padded ( 1..12); same as %_I
  %m   month (01..12)
  %M   minute (00..59)
  %n   a newline
  %N   nanoseconds (000000000..999999999)
  %p   locale's equivalent of either AM or PM; blank if not known
  %P   like %p, but lower case
  %q   quarter of year (1..4)
  %r   locale's 12-hour clock time (e.g., 11:11:04 PM)
  %R   24-hour hour and minute; same as %H:%M
  %s   seconds since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC
  %S   second (00..60)
  %t   a tab
  %T   time; same as %H:%M:%S
  %u   day of week (1..7); 1 is Monday
  %U   week number of year, with Sunday as first day of week (00..53)
  %V   ISO week number, with Monday as first day of week (01..53)
  %w   day of week (0..6); 0 is Sunday
  %W   week number of year, with Monday as first day of week (00..53)
  %x   locale's date representation (e.g., 12/31/99)
  %X   locale's time representation (e.g., 23:13:48)
  %y   last two digits of year (00..99)
  %Y   year
  %z   +hhmm numeric time zone (e.g., -0400)
  %:z  +hh:mm numeric time zone (e.g., -04:00)
  %::z  +hh:mm:ss numeric time zone (e.g., -04:00:00)
  %:::z  numeric time zone with : to necessary precision (e.g., -04, +05:30)
  %Z   alphabetic time zone abbreviation (e.g., EDT)

By default, date pads numeric fields with zeroes.
The following optional flags may follow '%':

  -  (hyphen) do not pad the field
  _  (underscore) pad with spaces
  0  (zero) pad with zeros
  +  pad with zeros, and put '+' before future years with >4 digits
  ^  use upper case if possible
  #  use opposite case if possible

After any flags comes an optional field width, as a decimal number;
then an optional modifier, which is either
E to use the locale's alternate representations if available, or
O to use the locale's alternate numeric symbols if available.

Examples:
Convert seconds since the epoch (1970-01-01 UTC) to a date
  $ date --date='@2147483647'

Show the time on the west coast of the US (use tzselect(1) to find TZ)
  $ TZ='America/Los_Angeles' date

Show the local time for 9AM next Friday on the west coast of the US
  $ date --date='TZ="America/Los_Angeles" 09:00 next Fri'

GNU coreutils online help: <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>
Full documentation <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/date>
or available locally via: info '(coreutils) date invocation'